Karibu ujifunze mbinu mbalimbali za kujiajiri

Kijana unayekaa Mitandaoni pasipo kuingiza pesa huu ndo muda muafaka wa kunufaika na blog hi kwa kujua mbinu mbalimbali za kujiajiri mitandaoni na kuingiza pesa mwalike na mwenzake.

Tenses:nyakati

Somo la 1

(SECTION A; TENSES IN THE ACTIVE VOICE )

(A)Simple Tenses :

1. Simple Past Tense ( ‘li’)

- Wakati huu huongelea jambo lililofanyika na kukamilika mara moja wakati uliopita.

Mifano ; tulikuja ,walitembea, alicheza.

- Wakati huu huashiriwa na silabi ‘li’ ambayo hufanya tutambue kuwa tunaongelea jambo lililofanyika mara moja na likamalizika kufanyika katika wakati uliopita. Hii silabi ‘li’ ni lazima iunganishwe na kitendo moja kwa moja kabla ya kitendo. Mfano ; ‘Tuliimba’, tofauti na ‘Tulikuwa tunaimba’ ambapo ‘li’ imefuatiwa na kifungu ‘kuwa’ na sio kitendo. Katika maneno ‘tulikuwa tunaimba’, kitendo ‘imba’ kimetanguliwa na ‘na’ na sio ‘li’ kwa hivyo maneno hayo hayapo katika wakati huu wa Simple Past Tense, ‘li’.

Kanuni za kutumia Simple Past Tense ‘li’

a) Sentensi za taarifa/kutoa taarifa

Katika wakati huu, huwa tunapoelezea jambo tunatanguliza mtendaji wa jambo, (I/We/You/They/He/She/It) kisha tunafuatisha kitendo moja kwa moja kikiwa katika umbo la wakati uliopita.

Mfano ; - kitenda ‘enda’ ni ‘go’. Umbo lake la wakati uliopita, yaani ‘-lienda’ ni ‘went’. Tutatanguliza mtendaji wa jambo kisha tufuatishe neno ‘went’.

Sentensi za mifano;

- Juma alienda. ………. Juma went.

- Tulienda. ……… We went.

- Basi liliondoka. ……. The bus left.

- Nilicheza. ……. I played.

- Uliimba. ….. You sang.

- Walikimbia. ….. They ran.

- Maria alipika. ……. Maria cooked.

NB : Hatuweki kitu chochote katikati mwa mtendaji na kitendo.

b) Kuuliza maswali katika Simple Past Tense

- Maswali katika wakati huu huanzia na neon ‘did’. ‘Did’ ikitumika ni lazima kitendo kiwe katika umbo la kawaida kwa sababu ‘did’ ina ‘li’ ndani yake hivyo ‘li’ nyingine haihitajiki. Ina maana hiyo ‘did’ tayari imeshawakilisha wakati uliopita.

- ‘Did’ hufuatwa na nafasi inayouliziwa swali.

Mifano ya tafsiri :

- ‘Did Juma _______ ?’ …….. ‘Je, Juma ali______?’

- ‘Did they _______ ?’ ………. ‘Je, wao wali______ ?’

Sentesi za mifano :

1. Did Juma go?

Je, Juma ali enda ?

Jibu ; ( Hapana, hakuenda)…..( Kukanusha)

No, he didn’t go.

Au ; ( Ndio, alienda)…. Kukubali

Yes, he went.

2. Did she cook?

Je, alipika?

Jibu ; ( Hapana, hakupika)…..Kukanusha

No, she didn’t cook.

Au ; Ndio, alipika….. (Kukubali)

Yes, she cooked.

NB ; Tukiongeza neno ‘did’ katikati mwa jibu la kukubali, huwa ni kuweka msisitizo kama vile ambavyo kwa Kiswahili huwa tunaandisha sauti ili kuweka msisistizo ila sasa kwa Kingereza sauti haipandishwi ila msisitizo upo pale pale.

Mifano ; 1. Did Juma go ? …… Je, Juma alienda?

- Yes, he did go. ….. Ndio, alienda! (KWA MSISITIZO)

2. Did they cook? …….. Je, walipika?

- Yes, they did cook. …… Ndio, walipika! (KWA MSISITIZO)

NB ; Tunapokanusha sentensi kwa kutumia ‘did not’/ ‘didn’t’ , huwa hatutumii kitendo kikiwa katika umbo la wakati uliopita maana ile ‘did’ inakuwa imeshawakilisha wakati uliopita (‘li’ ambayo kinume chake ni ‘haku’) kwa hivyo hatuhitaji wakati uliopita kwa mara ya pili. Tukitumia umbo la wakati uliopita pia kwa kuuliza swali lililoanzia na ‘did’ pia tunakuwa tumeweka ‘li’ mbili katika sentensi, jambo ambalo sio sahihi.

Mifano ; 1. She didn’t went yesterday. ( Badala ya ‘She didn’t go yesterday.’)

Haku lienda jana. ( Badala ya ‘Hakuenda jana.’)no

ViAu; 2. Did she went yesterday?

( Badala ya ‘Did she go yesterday?’)

- Je, yeye ali lienda jana?

( Badala ya ‘Je, yeye alienda jana?)

Jifunze kingereza kwa kswahili

Yaliyomo (Contents)

Utangulizi…. Introduction

(A) Tenses in the Active Voice …..Nyakati katika kauli ya kutenda

(i) Simple Tenses…….. ‘li’/’hu’ / ‘ta’      
(ii) Continuous Tenses……. ‘li+na’/ ‘na’ / ‘ta+na’  
(iii) Perfect Tenses…….. ‘li+me’ / ‘me’ / ‘ta+me’    
(iv) Perfect Continuous Tenses …… ‘li+ki’ / ‘me+ki’ / ‘ta+ki’

(B) Tenses in the Passive Voice…….Nyakati katika kauli ya kutendwa

(i) Simple Tenses
(ii) Continuous Tenses
(iii) Perfect Tenses
(iv) Perfect Continuous Tenses

(C) Parts of Speech ……. Sehemu za Usemi

Utangulizi…….Introduction

(i) Nouns…….Nomino
(ii) Pronouns……..Viwakilishi
(iii) Verbs……….Vitenzi
(iv) Adjectives……. Vivumishi
(v) Conjunctions……Viunganishi
(vi) Adverbs……..Vielezi
(vii) Interjections…….Vihisia katishi
(viii) Prepositions…….Vihusishi nafasi
(ix) Articles………Viashiria nafsi

2

(D) Grammar ………. Sarufi

Utangulizi:

(i) Level I……….Ngazi ya Kwanza

1. Asking for and giving reasons (using ‘why’ and ‘because’)
-(Kuuliza maswali na kupata majibu yake kwa kutumia ‘kwa nini’ na ‘kwa sababu’)

2. Expresing Possession (using ‘whose’ and the apostrophe [’] )
-(Kuonyesha umiliki kwa kutumia ‘amba-’ na apostrofi [’])

3. Expressing Comparison  (using as…as / same as )
-(Kulinganisha kwa kutumia ‘kama’ / ‘sawa na’)

4. Using ‘when’ to express a continuous action.
-(Kutumia ‘wakati amba-’ kuonyesha jambo endelevu)

5. Contracted Forms
-(Maneno yaliyofupishwa)

6. Expressing Likelihood ( using ‘perhaps’ / ‘maybe’)
-(Kuonyesha uwezekano kwa kutumia ‘labda’)

7. Expressing Certainty  (using ‘surely’ / ‘ certainly’)
-(Kuonyesha uhakika kwa kutumia ‘bila shaka’)

8. Expressing Ability (using ‘can’)
-(Kuonyesha uwezo kwa kutumia ‘-weza’)

9. Expressing Quality (adjectives of intellect/appearance)
-(Kuonyesha sifa kwa kutumia vivumishi vya muonekano na upeo wa kiakili)

10. Expressing Sequence (using numerals)
-(Kuonyesha mtiririko wa kitarakimu)

11. Expresing recently completed actions (using the perfect tense)
-(Kuonyesha mambo timilifu ya muda mfupi uliopita)

12. Time-telling (o’clock, past/to, half-past, am/pm, 12hrs/24hrs formats)
-(Kueleza muda ; kamili, kasoro/na, na nusu, asubuhi/jioni, mfumo wa masaa 12 na wa masaa 24)

13. Giving and asking for advice   (using ‘you should’ / ‘I suggest’ / ‘suppose-’)
-(Kuomba na kutoa ushauri kwa kutumia ‘-faa’ / ‘-ashauri’)

14. Expressing Concurrent events   (using ‘when’ / ‘while’)
-(Kuonyesha mambo yatendekayo kwa pamoja kwa kutumia ‘-lipo’)

15. Making and responding to invitations
-(Kuandaa na kujibu mialiko)

(ii)Level II…………. Ngazi ya pili

1. Expressing Duration(using ‘for’ / ‘since’)
-(Kuonyesha kitambo/urefu wa muda kwa kutumia ‘kwa’ / ‘tangu’)

2. Expressing Concession (using ‘although’ and ‘but’)
-(Kuonyesha kutotegemea jambo kwa kutumia ‘ingawa’ na ‘lakini’)

3. Expressing Condition ( using ‘unless’ / ‘if not’)
-(Kuonyesha shuruti kwa kutumia ‘-sipo’ / ‘la sivyo’)

4. Expressing Habits and Behaviour (using ‘used to’)
(Kuonyesha tabia na mazoea kwa kutumia ‘-zoea ku’)

5. Expressing Purpose (using  ‘to’/ ‘in order to’ / ‘so that’ / ‘so as to’)
(Kuonyesha lengo kwa kutumia ‘ili’ / ‘kwa ajili ya’)

6. Relative Pronouns (using ‘who’/ ‘whom’ / ‘which’ / ‘where’ / ‘when’ / ‘whose’ )
-(Kutumia vihusishi ‘-amba-’)

7. Direct / Indirect (Reported) Speech
(Usemi halisi / usemi taarifa)

8. Writing (Friendly letters, Cards, Filling forms)
-(Uandikaji wa barua za kirafiki, kadi na ujazaji wa fomu)

           (iii) Level III  …….. Ngazi ya Tatu

1. Expressing Result
-(kuonyesha matokeo)
Using ;
              a) ‘enough to’ / ‘not enough to’ (inatosha / haitoshi)
              b) ‘so’…. ‘that’   ( -na-….. kiasi kwamba)
              c) ‘too’ ….. ‘to’   ( ha-na…… kiasi kwamba

2. Expressing Motion / Movement ( using prepositions)

a) Prepositions of location/place/ position  ( Vihusishi vya mahali)
b) Prepositions of time   ( Vihusishi vya muda)
c) Prepositions used with instruments  ( Vihusishi vya ala)
d) Prepositions showing movement  ( Vihusishi mwendo)

• Matumizi sahihi ya ‘at’ na ‘in’    ( ‘ndani ya’)

3. Describing Processes  ( Active Voice / Passive Voice )
-( Kauli ya kutenda / Kauli ya kutendwa)
• ‘Subject’ / ‘Object’ of a sentence
- ( Nafasi za Mtendaji/ Mtendwa katika sentensi)

4. Using Coordinators ( using   ‘neither’/ ‘nor’,    ‘either’ / ‘or’,  ‘both’ / ‘and’, ‘not only’ / ‘but also’,   ‘no sooner’ / ‘than’,    ‘hardly’ / ‘when’)
-(Kutumia Viratibu sio/wala,  aidha/au,   fulani/na,    sio tu/ila,      -ku/-po)

5. Expressing Nationality and Language
-( Kuelezea Uraia na Lugha zake)

6. Seeking Confirmation ( using question tags)
-(Kuhakiki kwa kutumia vihakiki swali)

7. Expressing Kinship Relationships and Titles
-( Kuonyesha Undugu na majina ya undugu)

8. Formal Letters
-(Barua Rasmi)
A) The Old Format system ( Mpangilio wa zamani)
B) The New Format system ( Mpangilio mpya )

(E) Examinations and Answers
 (Mitihani na Majibu yake)
( Maswali 500 na majibu yake )

jifunze kingereza kwa kiswahili

Karibu katika blog yetu ujifunze kingereza fasaha kwa mda mfupi.Kwa mtu mzima ambaye hukufanikiwa kujifunza kingereza fasaha ukiwa shuleni na Sasa una majukumu yako ya kukuingizia pesa,Sasa utaweza kusoma online pasipo kukaa darasani.

Kwa gharama nafuu kabisa utaweza kusoma ukiwa kwenye gari,njiani,mgahawani na popote pale,upatapato nafasi kwa kutumia smartphone yako pekee.